Barcode Types

Overview

Barcodes are divided into 1D (linear) and 2D (matrix) categories. 1D barcodes encode information using bars of varying widths and are simple and low-cost; 2D barcodes encode information in a matrix, offering larger capacity and stronger error correction. Below are the most commonly used formats.

Code128

Code128 is a high-density 1D symbology supporting the full ASCII set (0–127). With three character sets (A, B, C), it achieves efficient encoding, where set C doubles density for numeric data.

• Pros: full ASCII support, high density, encodes any ASCII character
• Cons: requires check digit, more complex encoding
• Use cases: logistics, warehousing, manufacturing, shipping labels

Code39

Code39 is a simple, easy-to-print 1D symbology supporting digits, uppercase letters, and a few symbols ($, %, /, +, -, .). Each character consists of 5 bars and 4 spaces, of which 3 are wide.

• Pros: simple structure, broad compatibility, readable without check digit
• Cons: lower density, uppercase only
• Use cases: internal management, asset tags, libraries, medical samples

QR Code

QR Code, invented by Denso Wave in 1994, is a 2D symbology with large capacity, strong error correction, and 360-degree readability. It supports numeric, alphanumeric, kanji, and binary data, storing up to ~7,000 numeric characters.

• Pros: large capacity, up to 30% damage recovery, fast scanning, multilingual
• Cons: requires high print precision at large sizes
• Use cases: mobile payment, traceability, e-ticketing, marketing, URLs

Comparison

Selection Guidance

• Mixed letters and numbers with high density: Code128
• Internal use with simple printers: Code39
• Large payload or mobile links: QR Code
• Retail standardized products: EAN-13 or UPC-A

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